Heating apparatus



H. R. HAGEN HEATING APPARATUS Aug. s, 1940.

Filed April s, 193s s sheets-sheet 1 liNVENTOR H/LMA/i' 7?. H/:ef/v BY ATTORNEY K Aug. 6, 1940. H. R. HAGEN 2310316 HEATING APPARATUS Filed April s, 1938 :s sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR HMM/m Rf HAGE/v Y ATTORN EY Aug. 6, 14o.

H. R. HAGEN HEATING APPARATUS Filed April 8, 1938 ,3 Sheets-Sham 3 lNvEN-ron H/LMAR R. HAM/v BYT M4,

ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 6, 1940 1 l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I.. Hilmar R. Hagen, Pottsville, Pa., assignor to The o burning fuelin a fire pot, across an air space to Fig.` 5V is. a vertical sectional view showing a fr Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company, Reading, Pa., a corporation yof Pennsylvania Application April 8, 1938, Serial No. 209,832 4 Claims. (Cl. 122.--30)` This invention relates to solid-fuel-burning aptaken substantially along the lines 2``2 and 3 3, paratus and particularly to an improved conrespectively, of Fig. 1 and I struction of fluid heating furnaces in which heat Fig. lV is a partial vertical sectional View of the is transferred, principally by radiation, from the grate shaker mechanism.

the fluid to be heatedin a jacket, or container, modified fire pot construction for the heater il` I surrounding the re pot. While the present inlustrated in Figs. 1 to 4.

vention is adaptable to a wide variety of uses it Referring principally to Fig. 1, it will be seen is especially useful in heaters such as may be that the lower part of the-heater comprises a l0 used for supplying domestic hot water. base I forming the ash receiving compartment l0 The heaters to which the present invention reand provided with an annular flange 2 at 'its top lates, comprise a fire pot and a coal hopper above edge upon which the waterjacket is supported it, the capacity of both being such that several as `hereinafter described.` The base -I is also days, or more, supply of fuel, preferably anprovided with an ash door-3 permitting therethracite, may be placed in the heater at one time. moval of the ash receptacle 4. An' opening 5 15 A water jacket with suitable piping connections in the baseladrnits air to the fuel bed for combusfor the entry of the water to be heated and outtion and also the auxiliary air which flows in the let connections for the heated water, either to the space between the `water jacket and the fire pot. faucets, or a storage tank, surrounds the fire pot If desired, the escape of ashes or dust through 20 and the lower part of the fuel hopper, there being this opening may be restricted by4 an inside apron, 20

Figs.` 24 and 3l are; horizonta1 sectional vviews members formed integral with the repot and 5 Van air space between it and the fire pot. The or a grill.

transfer of heatfrom the re pot to thewater in 1 The Water jacket B, which is preferably annular the jacket is principally by radiation across the inform comprises spaced' innerand outer walls, intervening air space. the latter being provided withian inlet pipe 'Il 25 `A feature of the present invention is a fire pot at `the bottom for the admission of fluid to be 25 of improved construction for the more effective heatedand an outlet 8 at the top leading to the burning of the fuel therein and which, like the faucets, or storage tank.v In casting the jacket fuel* hopper and its discharge member, or throat, Gaseveral core' Vent holes are made in the flat may be readily installed, or removed, without surface upon which it is to rest lwhen in use.

disturbance to the water jacketlor stack connec- Thereafter these holes maybe tapped and fittedA 30 tions. The re pot and the fuel hopper throat with plugs 8' having threadedextensions serving are so constructed and arranged with respect to as hold-down boltsas'V shown in Fig. 1. When it each other and to the water jacket, as to provide l is desired to drain the jacket 6, one or more of for a controlled draft through the grate and the the plugs 8 may be removed. In the upper part fuel in the fire pot, such draft, or primary air, of the water jacketthe inner wall is offset at two 35 being withdrawn between the fire pot and the different places so'as to provide circular flanges, hopper. The construction used also permits the or projections, at 9 and I0 for -supporting the fire flow of` auxiliary air along the space between the pot and fuel hopper discharge, respectively, as lire pot and the water jacket and into the stack hereinafter more fully described.

40 in accordance with the idea of heating principally The fire pot I I is preferably an elongated mem- 40 by radiation and in a manner to give better conber of substantially the same form as the inside trol of the draft, as more fully described in the of the water jacket. In the present'embodiment copending application of I-I. J. Rose, Serial No. it is cylindrical. The upper edge of the fire pot is 78,549, filed May 8, 1936 now Patent No. 2, 151,642, flared outwardly as indicated aty I2 and the en- Mar. 2l, 1939. larged end thus formed rests upon the flange 9 45 Another feature of the invention is a water formed inthe water jacket," Agasket of asbestos, jacket extending completely around the `fire pot or other suitable material', may be interposed so and adapted to support it and also the fuel hopas to form abetter seat for the re pot and also per. to prevent the escape of any substantial amount Further advantages of the invention will be of air which would detract somewhat from 'the ef- `50 apparent from the following description taken in cient operation of the heater. The lower end conjunction with the drawings in which I of the re pot which terminates at` approximately Fig.r 1 is a Vertical sectional View showing a pre-A the level ofthe grate, is provided with three spacferred construction; ing projections I3. These may be short vertical the water jacket, the contents of the latterwill be heated principally by radiation and not "by" conduction through the heater members,imyrbyf"V e uary 1936 now Patent No. 2,151,516,1Vlar. 21; 1939;1 ,.21 The diameter of the re pot has anhirnportantl bearing on the size of fuel which can`be`burned kmost effectively; and -ibanked tmost;7 consistently. The capacity of the repot;variesiasthesquare off; the diameter whilel the area'ofhe Iisideiwall varies as the first power; of jthediameterfii Hence the temperatures; inthetre. pot arerdependent to a; considerable: degreev onsitsrgdiameter and this affects the proportion of total heattransferred by ,-.r-adiationty the amount Yof clinkering, the:;prjcduc tiorr, of f carbon; A' monoxideand@l the vo verx-'all .l J`ef;-

Narvrrapidlrwith the.diarfleter .V o thevre vnot, what; WOITS; remanngsf constants' :A f :large daarneter re pot, requires less draft to giveL the same ratingzor permits fthefuseof .smaller vsigel-fuel `with `little changentdraftlrequirements or rating. 'It has been found that:chestnutsizet anthracite performs exc ellentlyfmaa 1 112; inchl diameter :fire lpot and isalso satisfactory :in .a linchs-rezpot. I fl'iow'e ver,j,the nextlarger sizebstovej.) cannot be bankedentirely satisfactorily in al() nchfrepot and tends to die out in the 12 inch size. Pea $12.61 anthracite, which,` is; Asmallerfthani y,chestnut, `bu t s rwell in either the -10 inch; or 12 inch ire pots butt vgives a reduced 5 rating. becauseA of increase I,.draft resistance and -becausenthepcomf bustier;- zoneis smaller `and presents lessfhot wall area for radiation,A 'yA large diameter'` fire pot .has the practical -advantagexor stonngraiarge amount pf coal and ash fand off permitting-z longer intervals between attentions. g {AstV at result of- A-numerous eX(p erliments,v and-taking finto/considere .ation all the factors mentioned,- a *fire` ipot* have x diameter of about 12:;inches is' preferred', whenpea. and. chestnutsize. anthracite arezpsed, butit hasbeen found that lire potswith-diameters i Ve fairly satisfactory re.-

.fue 4bedf'inr-the:firey ot considered. The amount.: :of

l not-only fromhthe Vsidel walls,but ,alsol 'frornr :theptopf and bottomgof; habed afdeepf.bed isshotter atfthe l center-than@ hallowted@Thisffactprraismaf; facts-clinkrinsrcarbor mOnQXid produotionand pot maybe appro matelyQtinches;fdeept Ilie f .fire .fpotf :may l l have; substantiallyf @vertical sides? as-showny in` Fig. 1w. ,However;.-: it- Ahas fbee'n found thatvr lire` pots! having ay slightldolw-nward ,fiiency lof the apparatus; -Draft'srequirements flare, @what the a diameterattire; bottom is. slight-v 1y greater than at the top, give improved results. Such a construction is illustrated in Fig. 5, in which the lire pot 50 iiares downwardly and outwardly from the top to the bottom. In the combustion of some varieties of anthracite a flne ash is produced which packs together and offers more than average resistance to the'ilow of air throughthe fuel bed, thuswrequiringfthe shakin'g'o'f theggrate l niore frequently tocleari the bed of ashes. "Such coal may be' burned with greater advantage in a fire bed having a downward flare -because of the increased possibility of air diffusing upgA around the edges of the fire pot where the Asht is lessncompact. v

Thefrepot" preferably has a plurality of veralslotsf 1res, distributed around its cir- "shown in the drawings there are .four tuyreswl. equally spaced around the revbed and extending upwardly a substantial distance'from the lower edge of the fire pot. As showngvthese {tuyres are preferably slightly` wider atxtheprbot-tornv of ther-fire .pot andyas shown :more clearly .in fFig. 3, :mayr bey vslightly.: .-Wider at their outermost Ledges. Shapingthe .slots inV this -man'- passages I5 extending to the loweredgeofathezre vpotes illustrated. fThe;.provisionf-.ofrsuch tuyres greatly increases the amount of :coal which` can be burned without., shakingfthe `grate.; In. some instances the increase,` has amountedatoiap- `proximate151 40%. The .performance.1;4 ofircertain coals;; hav ing au soft fine ash; whichwould other;- ywise -.interfere A with airr supply; hastbeen;7 greatly `improved byr the.provisionof such` tuyres.-

prevent :the leakage of. combustion;` gases into -i the rooms and as illustrated,":the4 `lid mayfbeapro'- ,videdywithl an asbestos gasketand a. toggler ilatch 20=isfused toinsure atightt vwhich isleasil 'atttainedf i A A.

It will be.` observedthat the area of fthe 1 disf' charge opening of the; hopper .is almost 'aslarge as ,the, crossesectional';areaofntha refpot xH'. When Yfsuch i a' wide discharge xopening i Yis used the extra -weight ofi c oal fin the magazine or `'hopiper, has. ai, Very -noticeable 1 eff ect'l iii-pressing down the fuel in the fire pot-, and rcornpactingzp-the ashesithus making room; -for additonal fuel. Whenafsmall discharge opening is 'used the area `ofethe ffire.poton which theweight of fuel in the n1agazine3-p-ressesis much; reduced@ and the frictionofthe.T ,fuel on'lthe,sideslofthethroat and the tenlencyof :the fuel .to.bridge across the throat; eliminates a substantialfpart of the downward `Ip r e`ssure.j: l :Tests havefindicated that a large hopper throat may increase the amount of fuel which can befburned between rakings, as Inuch asll35%. 2:1, '1 q 1,1; ig V lgf.

preferred grate construction is illustrated in the drawings. The grate 2l is of circular design with. a conical upper vvsurface-and semi-spiral grate barsand is ":supportedwupon a centrally located pinZZ-.earried onthev end of the arms 23;

. The latter l'may lbe carriedib'y' brackets secured between the base flange 2 andthe bottom of the water jacket l l, asishown-' clearly in Fig. 1.

\ metal casing 49 for protective purposes.

A preferred mechanism for shaking the grate 2l is illustrated in Fig. 4. When it is desired to` shake the grate the handle 24, which is pivoted` at 25 near the upper end of the vertical rod 26, is raised to a horizontal position. This handle is then oscillated in a horizontal plane and trans mits a corresponding movementthrough the. rod

` 26 to the arm 21 secured to the lower end there- It will be apparent that the oscillation of the grate handle 24 causes the grate 2| to oscillate on its supporting pin 22.

The air for combustion enters through the opening 5 in the base and passes through the grate ,2| and the fuel in the fire pot. When the damper 40 is open, the air ows through passage 4i and up the stack 42. The auxiliary air also enters through the opening 5 but it passes along the space between the re pot Il and the water jacket 6 thence through the passage 43 to the stack 42. A baie 44 extends part way aroundthe fire pot Il asl illustrated, and insures better distribution of the secondary air around the fire pot. The damper 40 and also the damper 45 in the side of the stack are actuated by the thermostatic controls 46 and 41, respectively, located in the water jacket and operating in accordance with variations of temperature of the water. For a more complete description of these controls reference may be had to my copending application, Serial No. 193,838, iiled March 4, 1938 now Patent No. 2,151,512, Mar. 21, 1939.

The outside of the water jacket 6 may be covered with insulating material 48 and also with a The latter may be coated with a suitable metal foil, or otherwise treated, further to reduce heat loss: and to improve its appearance.

It will be understood that the invention herein described is not limited to the details of form and arrangements of parts set forth for various changes may be made `without departing from the spirit and Scope of the present invention.

I claim:

1. In fluid-heating apparatus, a cylinder having inner and outer walls between which the uid is heated, a ire pot in said cylinder and provided with an enlarged upper portion adapted to rest on projections near the upper end of said inner Wall to removably support the fire pot, the remaining partsy of the latter being spaced away from said inner wall to permit the passage of air therebetween from below the fire pot and an outlet conduit leading from said space below the level of said enlarged portion and near the top o-f the re pot.

2. Heating apparatus comprising a doublewalled jacket adapted to contain uid to be heated between the walls thereof, a solid-fuelburning fire pot removably supported inside said jacket and having a plurality of openings in the side thereof for the admission of air, and longitudinal conduits for leading air upwardly from the lower edge of said fire pot to said openings.

3. In fluid-heating apparatus, a double-Walled annular chamber adapted to contain the uid to be heated between the Walls thereof, a solid-fuelburning iire pot removably supported inside, and l in spaced relation to, said member, the lower portion of said fire pot having a cross-sectional area increasing downwardly, a plurality of openings in the side of said fire pot for the admission of air, and longitudinal conduits for leading air upwardly from the lower edge of said re pot to said openings. l v

4. A fluid-heater comprising a member having inner and outer walls'between which the fluid is heat-ed, a fire pot removably supported inside said member and provided with an enlarged upper end adapted to contact projections on said inner wall to support the fire pot in spaced relation thereto, a plurality of projections at the lower end of said iire pot of relatively short vertical length adaped to space the lower end of the re pot fro-rn said inner wall, and conduits for causing a stream of air to flow through said re pot for combustion and to carry away the products of combustion and for causing another stream of air to flow from below the lower edge of the fire pot between said lower edge andsaid inner wall and upwardly between the fire pot and said inner wall to assist in radiation control. 

